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Knee Joint Picture Image on MedicineNet.com
Picture of Knee Joint
Knee joint: The knee joint
has three parts. The thigh bone
(the femur) meets the large
shin bone (the tibia) to form the main
knee joint. This joint has an inner (medial) and an outer (lateral)
compartment. The kneecap (the patella ) joins the femur to form a
third joint, called the patellofemoral joint. The patella protects
the front of the knee joint.
The knee joint is surrounded by a joint capsule with
ligaments strapping the inside and outside of the joint (collateral ligaments)
as well as crossing within the joint (cruciate ligaments). The
collateral ligaments run along the sides of the knee and limit the
sideways motion of the knee. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
connects the tibia to the femur at the center of the knee and
functions to limit rotation and forward motion of the tibia. The
posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) located just behind the ACL limits
the backward motion of the tibia. All of these ligaments provide
stability and strength to the knee joint.
The meniscus is a thickened cartilage pad between the two joints
formed by the femur and tibia. The meniscus acts as a smooth surface
for the joint to move on. The knee joint is surrounded by fluid-
filled sacs called bursae, which serve as
gliding surfaces that reduce friction of the tendons. Below the kneecap, there
is a large tendon (patellar tendon) which
attaches to the front of the tibia bone. There are large blood vessels passing through the area behind
the knee (referred to as the popliteal space).
The large muscles of the thigh move the knee. In the front of the
thigh the quadriceps muscles extend the knee joint. In the back of
the thigh, the hamstring
muscles flex the knee. The knee also rotates slightly under guidance
of specific muscles of the thigh.
The knee functions to allow movement of the leg and is
critical to normal walking . The knee flexes normally to a maximum of
135 degrees and extends to 0 degrees. The bursae, or fluid-filled
sacs, serve as gliding surfaces for the tendons to reduce the force
of friction as these tendons move. The knee is a weight-bearing
joint. Each meniscus serves to evenly load the surface during weight-
bearing and also adds in disbursing joint fluid for joint
lubrication.
Image Source: MedicineNet, Inc.